The state is the central part of Europe. Germany borders on Denmark in the north, and Poland, Czech Republic in the east, Austria, Switzerland in the south, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands in the west. Germany is washed by North Sea and Baltic Sea. Geographical position of Germany in the central part of Europe among the groups of mature economic countries, on the crossing of trans-European trade-routes, presence of accesses to the seas, including by the navigable rivers, in the lower reaches of which the seaports and river ports appeared nearness to port-industrial complexes of neighbouring countries and important sea highways provides large economic profits. There was no state on the territory of nowadays Germany till the end of fifth century. Only when franks leader Clovis had defeated Romans, he founded kingdom, including the greater part of Garland and south-western part of Germany. Karl the great united lands of Saxon, rein, Bavarian, franks in his empire. But after his death the great empire had collapsed and its eastern part became the German empire. At time of Frederick I Barbarous in the middle of the XII century the German empire greatly grew Germany splitted by religious principle at the beginning of the XVI century. Martin Luther began his activity.
As a result of thirteenth year war Germany was broken into several principalities and kingdoms. Prussia was the most powerful state. Prussian chancellor Otto Fon Bismarck actually restored the German and announced Prussian king Wilhelm I -Germanic emperor (Kaiser) after some successful military operations and international agreements. German empire reached its dawn to 1914. But after a defeat in the first world war humiliating peace treaty of Versailles 1919 the country lost part of its lands and was laid under contribution. Germany was declared republic and by constitution, which was taken in the city Weimar, was called Weimar republic. It existed till 1933,when Nazis came to power and declared about the construction of the Third Reich. GERMANY remilitarized REINS Republic, captured Austria, part of Czechoslovakia, at the years of Hitler governing. Germany. On the first of September Germany captured POLAND, and began THE SECOND WORLD WAR, and sustained a defeat. Germany was occupied by allied forces and was divided into 4 sectors. 3 sectors: French, British, and American made FRG, but Soviet Union sector -GDR. Germany was divided into two states, and Berlin -into two sectors. Two German states existed till the 3d of october1990, when Eastern and Western Germany united. 20th of July 1991 BERLIN was declared the capital of united Germany, though the president and government continue to work in Bone. The movement of the government is planning to finish by the end of 2000. Russian forces are completely removed by the August of 1994. The Americans also removed 2/3 its forces by 1994. GERMANY is a member of UNO and other particularized agencies in this organization: NATO, EU, organization of economical collaboration and development. System of the State:
The Head of the State -The president
The Prime Legislative Body — Parliament has two parts: BUNDESTAG and BUNDESRAT
The Supreme Executive Power: The federative government
The leader of the government- The Chancellor. |
